巴音戈壁盆地塔木素铀矿床含矿砂岩成岩作用类型、演化序列及其对铀成矿的约束     

张成勇  夏菲  严兆彬  邓薇  聂逢君  张鹏飞  文振宇  刘波  戴明建  封志兵 《地球学报》2021,42(6):907-920

勘查和研究发现部分砂岩型铀矿床中不仅有表生氧化流体作用还存在深部流体的参与,这类砂岩型铀矿床蚀变类型多样且成因复杂.塔木素砂岩型铀矿表生流体和深部流体活动都很明显,砂岩普遍固结且后生蚀变类型独特,因此,恢复成岩成矿事件及其演化过程,对揭示铀沉淀富集机理至关重要.本文通过镜下鉴定、电子探针、扫描电镜分析等,系统研究了塔木素矿床含矿砂岩成岩作用特征与后生蚀变矿物生成序列,重塑了成岩成矿事件的演化过程.研究结果显示,塔木素矿床砂岩中压实作用较弱而胶结作用很强,重结晶作用普遍,是造成目的层致密的主要原因,赤铁矿、褐铁矿化、碳酸盐化、石膏化是该地区主要的胶结类型.将该地区的成岩演化划分为沉积-早成岩阶段、早期氧化流体作用阶段、热流体改造阶段和晚期氧化流体弱改造阶段.成岩环境由弱碱性向酸性环境转变的过程中的氧化还原过渡部位是造成铀沉淀的关键,大规模的氧化作用是矿床形成的基础,后期热流体活动对早期形成的低品位铀矿石进行叠加改造,是成矿的关键环节.  相似文献   

沁水煤田15号煤中氟的赋存状态及其沉积环境分析     

张鹏  张绍韡  解锡超  游永建  李健 《中国煤炭地质》2021,(3):1-6,42

氟是煤中有害元素之一,燃煤型氟排放造成的污染已经对人类的健康安全构成威胁。研究煤中氟赋存状态及其沉积环境,对掌握高氟煤分布规律及控制燃煤造成的氟排放具有重要意义。通过对沁水煤田内6座煤矿15号煤样品的分析发现:煤中氟含量与灰分显著相关,与黄铁矿硫、有机硫无相关关系,表明煤中氟主要以无机物形式赋存,且与含硫矿物无关;与钾、镁、硅、铝等元素含量具有显著的相关关系,表明氟有可能的主要赋存形式为金云母、氟金云母等矿物,以及以吸附存在于高岭石、勃姆石、伊蒙混层等黏土矿物中;与钙、磷元素含量无显著相关性,表明氟不以氟磷灰石、含氟羟基磷灰石等矿物大量赋存。此外,通过对沁水煤田15号煤的沉积环境分析发现,弱还原环境、较低盐度、偏酸性、较强的水动力条件有利于该区域煤中氟的富集。  相似文献   

基于遥感的大兴安岭小扬气镇用地类型变化及生态环境状况评价     

陈卓  陈建平  周传芳  刘涛  姜平  张起鹏 《中国地质调查》2021,8(6):126-134

大兴安岭小扬气镇位于大兴安岭南部,属大小兴安岭森林生态功能区,森林覆盖率高,湿地资源丰富,曾是木材生产基地。为掌握小扬气镇用地类型现状及其变化,开展生态状况评价,利用多源卫星遥感数据,通过多尺度图像分割、决策树及目视解译等方法分别对该区1985年、1998年、2008年和2018年土地利用类型进行提取,计算生态环境状况指数(I_E),评价生态环境状况。结果表明: 小扬气镇土地利用类型以林地、沼泽、水域为主,三者占研究区总面积的97%以上; 沼泽草地主要由阔叶林转化而来,耕地主要由阔叶林、沼泽草地转化而来,草地主要转化为阔叶林、沼泽草地,阔叶林与沼泽草地之间的相互转化最为剧烈; 新增工矿仓储用地主要占用了原有阔叶林土地,新增住宅用地主要占用了原有的沼泽草地、阔叶林、森林沼泽等。总体来看,区内生态环境状况良好,在维护生态安全、促进当地绿色经济发展中起到了重要作用。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis and sedimentary environment of silicate in Late Paleozoic in Kala area of Western Sichuan Province     

LIU Daming  YAO Hongyou  HU Lin  YU Liang  LIU Yizhong 《中国地质调查》2021,7(6):68-78

In order to study the sedimentary environment characteristics of the Late Paleozoic in Kala area of Western Sichuan Province, the authors have conducted the petrological and geochemical analyses of the widely distributed silicate in Qiongyi Formation of Lower Carboniferous and Kawenggou Formation of Upper Permian. The results show that the silicate in the study area belongs to the pure siliceous rocks, with a continuous supply of land-based materials during the deposition process. The average Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) ratio is 0.62, and the silicate shows a biogenic origin by the Al-Fe-Mn diagram. The ratios of Al₂O₃/ (Al₂O₃+ Fe₂O₃), Th/U, Th/Sc, (La/Ce)_N and (La/Yb)_N and tectonic environment discriminant diagram demonstrate that the silicate developed in a shallow-slope depesitional environment in the continental margin. The Ce_anom value is -0.04 to 0.07, and it gradually increases from the Carboniferous to the Permian period, indicating the water body is in an anoxic environment with gradually increasing reducibility. The Garz--Litang basin opened in the Carboniferous period, in accordance with the regional geological evolution, and it continued to expand during the Permian period, with the gradually increasing depth of the seawater within the sedimentary basins.  相似文献   

Groundwater characteristics and climate and ecological evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert in the southwest Mongolian Plateau     

《China Geology》2021,4(3):421-432

The Badain Jaran Desert is the third largest desert in China, covering an area of 50000 km². It lies in Northwest China, where the arid and rainless natural environment has a great impact on the climate, environment, and human living conditions. Based on the results of 1∶250000 regional hydrogeological surveys and previous researches, this study systematically investigates the circulation characteristics and resource properties of the groundwater as well as the evolution of the climate and ecological environment since the Quaternary in the Badain Jaran Desert by means of geophysical exploration, hydrogeological drilling, hydrogeochemistry, and isotopic tracing. The results are as follows. (1) The groundwater in the Badain Jaran Desert is mainly recharged through the infiltration of local precipitation and has poor renewability. The groundwater recharge in the desert was calculated to be 1.8684×10⁸ m³/a using the water balance method. (2) The Badain Jaran Desert has experienced four humid stages since the Quaternary, namely MIS 13-15, MIS 5, MIS 3, and the Early–Middle Holocene, but the climate in the desert has shown a trend towards aridity overall. The average annual temperature in the Badain Jaran Desert has significantly increased in the past 50 years. In detail, it has increased by about 2.5°C, with a higher rate in the south than in the north. Meanwhile, the precipitation amount has shown high spatial variability and the climate has shown a warming-drying trend in the past 50 years. (3) The lakes in the hinterland of the Badain Jaran Desert continuously shrank during 1973–2015. However, the vegetation communities maintained a highly natural distribution during 2000–2016, with the vegetation cover has increased overall. Accordingly, the Badain Jaran Desert did not show any notable expansion in that period. This study deepens the understanding of groundwater circulation and the climate and ecological evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert. It will provide a scientific basis for the rational exploitation of the groundwater resources and the ecological protection and restoration in the Badain Jaran Desert.© 2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Microplastic pollution in surface water and sediments of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Current status and causes     

《China Geology》2021,4(1):178-184

To study the current status and causes of the microplastic pollution in surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, this paper compared the average microplastic abundance in sediments and surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the results are as follows. First, the average microplastic abundance in surface water of the independent rivers and the whole area is 247–2686 items/m³ and 856 items/m³, respectively. The average microplastic abundance in sediments of independent rivers or lakes and the whole area is 0–933 items/m² and 362 items/m², respectively. Meanwhile, the degree of microplastic pollution in river sediments is higher than that in lake sediments, and the rivers suffering from microplastic pollution mainly include the Brahmaputra River, Tongtian River, and Nujiang River. Second, compared with the microplastic pollution in other areas of the world, the levelof microplastic pollution in the lakes and rivers of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is not lower than that of well-developed areas with more intensive human activities. Finally, this study suggests that relevant government departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen waste management strategies while developing tourism and that much attention should be paid to the impacts of microplastics in the water environment.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

台风“尤特”登陆后复杂路径的环境场特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

覃武  罗小莉  钟利华  林宗桂  林开平  林墨 《气象与环境科学》2019,42(1):110-118

台风"尤特"(1311)2013年8月13—19日登陆减弱后直达桂东北并停留打转,其后又转向西南移动,"尤特"残涡在广西境内生存活动了112 h,造成了大范围强降雨。使用常规与非常规观测资料,研究了"尤特"登陆后的环境场与其长生命期及复杂移动路径的关系。结果发现:"尤特"登陆北上阶段主要受大尺度环境场的引导气流主导,后因引导气流转向减弱,与变压梯度力近似达到平衡导致停留打转;南下弱冷空气卷入与西南气流辐合形成负变压槽,负变压槽中风向气旋性切变产生正涡度效应向"尤特"残涡输送,与西南气流充沛的水汽输送共同作用使"尤特"残涡得以长时间维持。弱冷空气卷入使中尺度变压场中的正变压加强,在变压梯度力与引导气流共同作用下,"尤特"残涡沿负变压槽向西南移动。  相似文献   

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱/光谱法研究上扬子区新华磷块岩稀土元素特征及沉积学意义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

段凯波  王登红  何汉江  郑国栋  熊先孝  袁建国  贺宝宝  屈云燕 《岩矿测试》2015,34(2):261-267

新华磷矿床是我国重要的富集稀土元素的沉积型含稀土磷块岩矿床,本文利用电感耦合等离子体质谱/光谱法(ICP-MS/AES),辅以岩矿鉴定等分析技术,结合沉积学理论研究了新华磷块岩稀土元素地球化学特征及相关问题。结果表明,新华磷块岩稀土总量(∑REEs)较高,集中值介于800×10-6~1200×10-6,其组成属轻稀土+钇型,稀土元素主要以类质同象形式存在于胶磷矿中;新华磷块岩和昆阳磷块岩具相似的REEs配分曲线和明显铈负异常,δCe介于0.28~0.36,表明上扬子区南缘成磷环境为氧化条件,且为稳定的滨浅海被动大陆边缘沉积环境;但新华磷块岩与其上覆黑色岩系REEs配分曲线迥异,后者表现出不明显的铈、铕异常,说明黑色岩系主要形成于深海-半深海静水还原环境,从梅树村期早期至晚期经历了海平面升高的过程,地层层序整体显示向上变深的沉积相变,磷块岩和黑色岩系之间的接触面可能为三级层序甚至更小层序级别的界面。这些沉积学的认识揭示了上扬子区下寒武统层序地层学意义和海相沉积环境特征,对华南早寒武世生命大爆发和层序地层学深入研究提供了证据。  相似文献   

试论新疆成矿体系与时空演化模式   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

董连慧  刘德权  唐延龄  冯京  屈迅  李凤鸣  田江涛  徐仕琪 《矿床地质》2015,34(6):1107-1129

文章探讨了成矿体系的内涵,在以往研究成果和编制1∶1 500 000中国新疆维吾尔自治区矿床成矿系列图的基础上,根据先时间、后空间、再成因的总体思路,完善了新疆前寒武纪、早古生代、晚古生代、中生代、新生代五个时段成矿体系,初步构建了各时段成矿体系的时空演化模式,总结出5个时段成矿体系的特点是:前寒武纪为基底陆壳的形成与发展各具特色的成矿体系;早古生代板块体制早期发育具中亚成矿域特色的成矿体系;晚古生代板块体制晚期发育具中亚成矿域特色的成矿体系;中生代新疆北部发育板内西域成矿特色的成矿体系和新疆南部发育特提斯成矿域特色的成矿体系;新生代发育板内西域成矿特色的大陆成矿体系。  相似文献   

东准噶尔琼河坝岛弧晚古生代地球动力学环境——来自和尔赛岩体暗色岩墙时空分布的证据          下载免费PDF全文

冯乾文  周可法  王金林 《地质科学》2015,(4):1068-1082

新疆东准噶尔地区地处阿尔泰、准噶尔和东天山等山系和构造单元的结合部位, 是研究中亚造山带(或称北亚造山区)构造演化的关键地区。以往的研究多集中于东准噶尔的岩石组合和地球化学组成, 相对缺乏构造变形尤其是中小尺度构造变形的研究。初步研究发现东准噶尔分布着大量的中基性暗色岩墙, 它们是后期岩浆侵入到前期构造裂隙中的产物, 可以从时空两个方面为构造裂隙的研究提供制约。本文结合地质资料和高分辨率遥感影像解译, 在琼河坝岛弧带中的和尔赛岩体(早泥盆世)中识别出来了874个暗色岩墙(晚石炭世-早二叠世)片段, 它们的走向以北西西-南东东向为主, 另外还有少数北东-南西和北西-南东走向的岩墙。通过岩墙的宏观变形特征可以推测, 北西西-南东东走向的岩墙形成于压张性裂隙之中, 北西-南东走向的岩墙形成于左行张剪裂隙之中, 北东-南西走向的岩墙形成于右行压剪裂隙之中。这些裂隙形成时平面最大主应力为北西西-南东东方向。结合岩体和岩墙的时代, 本文认为在晚泥盆世-早石炭世期间, 和尔赛岩体由于受到北西西-南东东方向的区域挤压作用而产生相应的裂隙, 可能标志着洋盆结束后碰撞作用的发生, 而晚石炭世-早二叠世暗色岩墙的普遍发育可能是后碰撞岩浆活动的标志。  相似文献